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B. Venkateswarlu , J. C. Katyal , Jayjayanti Choudhuri , K. Mukhopadhyay

Abstract

A micro-propagation protocol for a mature plus Neem tree has been standardized. Nodal explants from actively growing young shoots of 22 year old plus tree with straight stem, 50 kg seed yield/year, 25% oil in seeds and 0.6% azadirachtin in kernels was used as mother tree to initiate the culture. Successful shoot bud induction and multiplication could be achieved on MS medium with suitable concentrations of cytokinin. Elongated shoots could be ischolar_mained in-vitro by using 2.5 mg/l of IAA, transferred to soil + vermiculite mix (1:1), and were hardened in a mist chamber in a gradually decreasing humidity regime. The hardened plants were successfully transferred into the field and data on survival per cent, height and collar diameter were recorded upto 6 months. Tissue cultured plants showed superior performance as compared to seed derived samplings.

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M. Prabhakar ¹, Y. G. Prasad ¹, B. Venkateswarlu ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad 500 059, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Natural parasitism of the red hairy caterpillar, Amsacta albistriga (Walker) by a mermithid nematode, Hexamermis dactylocercus Poinar Jr. and Linares is reported for the first time. Higher parasitisation by H. dactylocercus was recorded during epidemic outbreak of A. albistriga during 2007 (28.5%) and in 2008 (6.5%) when the pest incidence was relatively lower due to late onset of monsoon. The mermithid activity was associated with high rainfall in both the years. Seasonal dynamics of H. dactylocercus is discussed.

Keywords

Nematode, Mermithid, Hexamermis dactylocercus, Red Hairy Caterpillar, Amsacta albistriga.

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P. Naveen Kumar ¹, Y.G. Prasad ¹, M. Prabhakar ¹, A. Phanidhara ¹, B. Venkateswarlu ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, 500 059, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Bio-efficacy of granulovirus (GV) infecting the semilooper, Achaea janata L., a serious defoliating pest of castor bean, Ricinus communis L., was established through leaf disc bioassays. Ovoid occlusion bodies (OB) of A. janata GV (AjGV) measuring 480±20.9 by 240±13.7 nm contained a singly embedded nucleocapsid. Estimated molecular weight of viral genomic DNA obtained with three restriction enzymes was in the range of 124 and 127 kb with a mean of 125.7±0.9 kb. Estimated median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of AjGV mother culture to second instar larvae was 2.2±0.21×10⁶ OB/ml or 85.4±9.7 OB/mm² leaf, while for the formulation it was 3.1±0.89×10⁶ OB/ml or 123.3±35.1 OB/mm² leaf. Kaplan-Meier survival estimate of median lethal time (LT₅₀) for second instars was 7 days at 5×10⁸ OB/ml concentration and 12 days at 5×10⁶ OB/ml. AjGV mother culture and formulation were found to be non-toxic in all the mandatory mammalian toxicity tests. This study fulfills the key data requirements on identification of the AjGV Hyderabad isolate, its bio-efficacy and safety in mammalian toxicity tests.

Keywords

Granulovirus, Baculovirus, Bioassay, Achaea janata, Ricinus communis.

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D.B.V. Ramana ¹, A. Vijay Kumar ¹, Sreenath Dixit ¹, B. Venkateswarlu ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad-500059, IN

Abstract

Livestock, more particularly small ruminants (sheep and goat) and modestly large ruminants (cattle and buffaloes) happen to be an important means of livelihood of the farmers in rainfed areas of Andhra Pradesh State. Poor genetic potential of the existing breeds, insufficient and poor quality feed and fodder resources, high incidence of contagious diseases and inadequate knowledge on appropriate management of livestock were identified as the major constraints behind low productivity of different species of livestock. The National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) introduced a Participatory Action Research approach for enhancing livestock production in order to provide sustainable livelihoods to poor livestock keepers for better and stable income. Animal health camps and prophylactic vaccination campaigns were employed to create awareness among farmers regarding the adoption of better livestock production practices. Deworming, supplementation with mineral mixture, chopping of crop-residues primarily of sorghum stover, backyard production of Azolla, etc. were integrated into the prevailing rearing practices. Small ruminant production was promoted on an enterprise mode as livelihood option for the landless. Backyard poultry with improved breeds was employed for empowerment of rural women. Through farmer-farmer interaction, many farmers realised the economic benefits of innovative livestock practices and came forward to adopt them. The project interventions had a significant impact not only on the farming community but also on the landless and rural women. The project experiences suggest that capacity building of local youth as service providers and livestock keepers and strengthening linkages with animal husbandry department would help in promoting the innovative livestock production practices and providing sustainable rural livelihoods.

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C. A. Rama Rao ¹, B. M. K. Raju ¹, A. V. M. Subba Rao ¹, K. V. Rao ¹, V. U. M. Rao ¹, Kausalya Ramachandran ¹, B. Venkateswarlu ², A. K. Sikka ³, M. Srinivasa Rao ¹, M. Maheswari ¹, Ch. Srinivasa Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500 059, IN
2 Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani 431 462, IN
3 Natural Resource Management Division, ICAR, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Abstract

Assessing vulnerability to climate change and variability is an important first step in evolving appropriate adaptation strategies to changing climate. Such an analysis also helps in targeting adaptation investments, specific to more vulnerable regions. Adopting the definition of vulnerability given by IPCC, vulnerability was assessed for 572 rural districts of India. Thirty eight indicators reflecting sensitivity, adaptive capacity and exposure were chosen to construct the composite vulnerability index. Climate projections of the PRECIS model for A1B scenario for the period 2021-2050 were considered to capture the future climate. The data on these indicators were normalized based on the nature of relationship. They were then combined into three indices for sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity, which were then averaged with weights given by experts, to obtain the relative vulnerability index. Based on the index, all the districts were divided into five categories with equal number of districts. One more district was added to 'very high' and 'high' categories. The analysis showed that districts with higher levels of vulnerability are located in the western and peninsular India. It is also observed that the highly fertile Indo-Gangetic Plains are relatively more sensitive, but less vulnerable because of higher adaptive capacity and lower exposure.

Keywords

Agriculture, Adaptive Capacity and Exposure, Climate Change, Sensitivity, Vulnerability.

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B. Venkateswarlu ¹, M. Mubashir Unnissa ¹, B. Mahaboob ²

Affiliations
1 SAS, VIT University, Vellore – 632014, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Sri Venkateswara Degree and P.G. College, Anantapur – 515001, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to develop an application of goal programming for a mathematical economics problem. In economic optimization given a cost target, the producer conditionally maximizes output or revenue. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: The paper aims in estimating cost limited maximal output based on full and stochastic frontiers of Cobb-Douglas and variable returns to scale production structure. The estimation procedure constitutes primarily formulating goal programming problems, later solving them by mathematical programming. The cost limited output expressions are derived. Findings: The method developed was applied to six manufacturing sectors of all India and the expression derived for cost limited outputs showed that the cost limited maximal output is cost efficient. Empirical analysis carried out resulted in showing the states whose cost efficiency was underachieved, overachieved and one and the same. Application/Improvements: The model has practical application in manufacturing sectors and was applied six sectors of all India. In future fuzziness can be applied to analyse cost efficiency in the manufacturing sectors of different states of all India.

Keywords

Cost Efficiency and Stochastic Cost Frontier, Data Envelopment Analysis, Linear Goal Programming, Manufacturing Sector.

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B. Venkateswarlu ¹

Affiliations
1 Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani 431 402, IN

Abstract

Despite the spectacular success of the green revolution and achieving self-sufficiency in food production, there are increasing concerns on sustaining the pace of agricultural growth to feed the large population of our country. Lack of yield breakthroughs, deteriorating soil health, groundwater depletion, declining size of operational holdings and labour shortage are some of the prime reasons for slow growth of agriculture. In the recent past, these constraints have been further aggravated by global climate change and climate variability. The impacts of climate change on agriculture are being witnessed globally, but countries such as India are especially vulnerable in view of the high population depending on agriculture, excessive pressure on natural resources and poor coping capabilities.

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Virupakshi Prabhakar ¹, Kondra Sudhakar Babu ², L. K. Ravindranath ², J. Latha ³, B. Venkateswarlu ⁴

Affiliations
1 SVR Engineering College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University-Ananthapuramu (JNTU-A), Nandyal, Pin 518502, Kurnool (Dist), A.P., IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, (A P), IN
3 Department of Environmental Science, Sri Krishnadevaraya University College of Engineering and Technology, S. K. University, Ananthapuramu – 515003 (A.P), IN
4 PBR VITS, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU-A), Kavali, Nellore (Dist), (A.P.), IN

Abstract

1, 5-Benzo Thiazepine is the Main Seven membered Heterocyclic ring systems reported for their cardiac and Psychotherapeutic activities.1,5 Benzo Thiazepines were highlighted as important Biologically active Scaffolds. In This Article New series of benzo [b] [1, 5]-thiazepine derivatives 6 a-j were synthesized by applying the cyclo condensation of (E)-3-(thieno [3, 2-d] pyrimidin-6-yl)-1-p-Substituted prop-2-en-1-one derivatives 4a-j with 2-amino thio phenol (5) in DMF. The new intermediate Chalcone derivatives 4a-j were obtained from interaction of various P-substituted Acetophenone&Heterocyclic Acetyl derivatives 3(a-j) and thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carbaldehyde. The synthesized 1, 5-benzothiazepines 6a-j have been screened for their antimicrobial activity. From anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity screening results, it has been observed that compounds 6h, 6e, 6i and 6d possess good activity.

Keywords

Chalcones, 2-Amino Thio Phenol, Cyclisation, 1, 5-Benzothiazepines, Anti-Microbial Activity, Thieno [3, 2-d] Pyrimidine Core Ring.

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Virupakshi Prabhakar ¹, B. Venkateswarlu ², Punagani Bhargavi ³, Sura Jagadeesh ³

Affiliations
1 SVR Engineering College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU-A), Nandyal, Kurnool (Dist), A.P., 518502, IN
2 PBR VITS, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU-A), Kavali, Nellore (Dist), (A.P.), IN
3 Prajna Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, IN

Abstract

Quinazoline nucleus is present in various compounds and it is responsible for diverse biological activities. The present work mainly focused on the Quinazolines with potential activities that are now in development. The objective of this research work is to synthesize various compounds containing Quinazoline moiety and their derivatives as well as characterising the compounds by spectral analysis and screening for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by various spectroscopic methods such as IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. The products were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against several microbes. Some of the compounds exhibited potent anti-bacterial activity as well as anti-fungal activity. Among the Novel Quinazoline derivatives 8i, 8j, 8d shows Excellent Anti-microbial activity.

Keywords

Quinazolines, Thiomorpholine, Sulphonamides, Cyclisation, Anti-Microbial Screening.

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Virupakshi Prabhakar ¹, K. Sudhakar Babu ², L. K. Ravindranath ², B. Venkateswarlu ³

Affiliations
1 SVR Engineering College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University-Ananthapuramu (Jntu-A), Nandyal, Kurnool (Dist), A.P., IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, (AP), IN
3 PBR VITS, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (Jntu-A), Kavali, Nellore (Dist), (A.P.), IN

Abstract

A series of novel 4-Substituted/Heterocyclic-N-(4-thiomorpholinothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzamide (8a-j) derivatives were synthesized by a Five-step procedure that afforded advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple protocol and good yields. The structures of the final compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR, EI-MS. The final compounds were screened for their anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)from Gram positive group of bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from Gram negative group of bacteria and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities were Evaluated and compared with the standard drugsSuch asAmoxicillin &Flucanazole From anti-bacterial and antifungal activity screening results, it has been observed that compounds 8j, 8i, 8e and 8f possess good activity.

Keywords

Thieno [3, 2-d] Pyrimidine, 2-Chloro-4-Thio Morpholine Thieno[3, 2-d]Pyrimidine Synthesis, Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Fungal Activity, HATU.

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Virupakshi Prabhakar ¹, K. Sudhakar Babu ², L. K. Ravindranath ², B. Venkateswarlu ³

Affiliations
1 SVR Engineering College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University-Ananthapuramu (JNTU-A), Nandyal, Kurnool (Dist), A.P., IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, (A.P.), IN
3 PBR VITS, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU-A), Kavali, Nellore (Dist), (A.P.), IN

Abstract

A series of novel 4-Substituted/Heterocyclic-N-(4-thiomorpholinothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)benzamide (8a-j) derivatives were synthesized by a Five-step procedure that afforded advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple protocol and good yields. The structures of the final compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR, EI-MS. The final compounds were screened for their anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) from Gram positive group of bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from Gram negative group of bacteria and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities were Evaluated and compared with the standard drugs Such as Amoxicillin and Flucanazole From anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity screening results, it has been observed that compounds 8j, 8i, 8e and 8f possess good activity.

Keywords

Thieno [3, 2-d] Pyrimidine, 2-Chloro-4-Thio Morpholine Thieno [3, 2-d]Pyrimidine Synthesis, Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Fungal Activity, HATU.

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Polagani Nagarjuna ¹, B. Venkateswarlu ¹, M. Sreerekha ², P. Venkata Subbaiah ³, K. Jayalalitha ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Bapatla 522 101, India, IN
2 Polytechnic, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Lam, Guntur 522 034, India, IN
3 AICRP on Sailine Water Scheme, Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla 522 101, India, IN
4 Department of Crop Physiology, Agricultural College, Bapatla 522 101, India, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College, Bapatla, AP, India during kharif and rabi seasons from 2019 to 2021 using different establishment and nutrient treatments. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the energetics between the treatments in the rice–green gram. The results indicated that the input and output energy were the highest in the conventio­nal and the lowest in the minimum tillage. Highest total energy productivity and energy use efficiency were recorded with the reduced tillage. In case of nutrient management, the highest input, output energy and energy productivity and energy use efficiency were recorded with inorganic fertilizer + cured poultry manure treatments. It can be concluded that the reduced tillage with the application of inorganic fertilizer + cured poultry manure is the best in the constraints-prone coastal zone with limited irrigation facilities due to low require­ment of non-rene­wable energy

Keywords

Coastal zone, crop establishment methods, energy use efficiency, energy productivity, rice and green gram.

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